Pes cavus, commonly referred to as high arch, is a foot condition characterized by an exaggerated arch that can lead to instability, discomfort, and a range of other biomechanical issues. This structural variation can place excessive pressure on the heel and ball of the foot, often causing pain and increasing the risk of injuries. At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon, our evidence-based approach to treating pes cavus includes manual therapy, exercise rehabilitation, and customized care to support better foot function and comfort.
What is Pes Cavus?
Pes cavus describes a high-arched foot structure, where the arch of the foot is significantly elevated, causing weight to be distributed unevenly along the foot. This uneven distribution leads to increased pressure on the heel and ball of the foot, resulting in symptoms that can extend beyond the foot and impact the ankles, knees, and lower back.
Individuals with pes cavus often experience:
- Pain or discomfort in the arch, heel, and ball of the foot
- Ankle instability, making them more prone to sprains and other injuries
- Calluses on the ball and heel due to concentrated pressure in these areas
- Difficulty finding comfortable footwear due to the high arch shape
- Generalized pain in the lower extremities, especially when walking or running
Pes cavus may be congenital or acquired due to factors such as neurological conditions, trauma, or muscle imbalances. Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon provides individualized treatment plans to address the unique needs of each patient with high arches, focusing on improving function, stability, and overall comfort.
Evidence-Based Treatment for Pes Cavus
Managing pes cavus effectively requires an approach that combines pain management, improved stability, and targeted exercises. At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon, our evidence-based approach focuses on redistributing pressure in the foot, reducing strain, and strengthening supporting muscles to enhance overall foot mechanics.
1. Footwear Modification and Orthotic Support
Proper footwear plays a significant role in managing pes cavus, as well-designed shoes can help redistribute pressure more evenly across the foot. Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon often recommends shoes with a wide toe box, shock-absorbing soles, and sufficient cushioning in the arch and heel areas. This type of footwear can alleviate discomfort by providing stability and support to the foot.
Custom orthotics are also frequently prescribed for individuals with pes cavus. Orthotics with metatarsal pads or arch support can help reduce pressure on the heel and ball of the foot, promoting a more even weight distribution. Research shows that custom orthotics can improve foot function and reduce pain for patients with high arches, making them a valuable component of conservative treatment.
2. Pain Management
In cases where pes cavus causes significant pain, short-term pain management techniques may be beneficial. Ice therapy applied to painful areas can help reduce inflammation, especially after periods of activity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be recommended on a short-term basis to alleviate discomfort, although they should be used alongside other therapies that address the underlying structural issues.
Manual Therapy for Pes Cavus
Manual therapy is a core component of managing pes cavus at Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage. By addressing tightness, improving joint mobility, and reducing muscle tension, our physiotherapists help improve overall foot function and reduce pain.
1. Joint Mobilization
Joint mobilization techniques focus on improving flexibility and range of motion in the foot and ankle. Limited mobility in the midfoot and ankle joints can contribute to rigidity in the arch, exacerbating pain and discomfort. By applying gentle joint mobilization techniques, our physiotherapists help improve movement in these joints, reducing strain on the high arch and improving weight distribution.
Joint mobilization also promotes better shock absorption by allowing the foot to adapt more naturally to varying surfaces. Improved flexibility in the foot and ankle joints can significantly benefit individuals with pes cavus, particularly those who experience stiffness and discomfort.
2. Soft Tissue Release
Soft tissue release techniques, such as myofascial release and deep tissue massage, target the tight muscles and connective tissues in the foot and lower leg. Tightness in the calf muscles, plantar fascia, and peroneal muscles can increase pressure on the high arch, causing additional strain. By releasing tension in these areas, our physiotherapists enhance flexibility and relieve pain.
Soft tissue release is particularly beneficial for managing pes cavus, as it helps reduce pressure on the foot’s contact points and improves overall foot mobility. This treatment also prepares the foot for strengthening exercises that support long-term improvements.
3. Trigger Point Therapy
Trigger points, or “knots,” in the muscles surrounding the foot and ankle can contribute to discomfort and limited mobility. Trigger point therapy involves applying direct pressure to these points, helping release tension and improve muscle function. This therapy is particularly useful for patients with chronic pain in the calves or plantar fascia, as these areas often develop trigger points in response to the altered biomechanics associated with pes cavus.
Exercise Rehabilitation for Pes Cavus
Exercise rehabilitation is crucial for managing pes cavus, as it strengthens the muscles that support the foot, enhances stability, and promotes better alignment. Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon designs individualized exercise programs tailored to each patient’s specific needs and goals.
1. Arch and Foot Strengthening Exercises
Strengthening the intrinsic muscles of the foot is essential for individuals with pes cavus, as these muscles help support the arch and distribute pressure more evenly. Exercises like toe curls, where patients scrunch a towel with their toes, and toe spreading exercises help build strength in the foot’s arch, promoting better stability and function.
Strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles can also reduce the risk of injuries associated with pes cavus, as it enables the foot to adapt more effectively to different surfaces and movements.
2. Calf and Ankle Strengthening
Strengthening the calf and ankle muscles is essential for improving overall foot stability, particularly for those with pes cavus who are prone to ankle sprains. Exercises such as calf raises, heel drops, and resisted dorsiflexion (lifting the foot against resistance) target the calf and tibialis anterior muscles, enhancing ankle stability and control.
Calf raises, in particular, are highly effective for building strength in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, which play a vital role in absorbing impact and reducing strain on the foot. Strong calf muscles provide additional support to the high arch, promoting better weight distribution and reducing the risk of compensatory injuries.
3. Balance and Proprioception Training
Balance and proprioception exercises are highly beneficial for individuals with pes cavus, as high arches can affect foot stability and increase the risk of falls and sprains. Exercises like single-leg stands, balance board activities, and dynamic balance drills improve ankle stability and neuromuscular control, enabling patients to move confidently and safely.
At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage, proprioception training is a key element of pes cavus rehabilitation, ensuring that patients regain optimal function and stability. Enhanced proprioception helps prevent recurrent injuries and supports long-term foot health.
Additional Considerations for Managing Pes Cavus
Effective management of pes cavus requires a holistic approach that includes lifestyle modifications, patient education, and preventive measures.
Activity Modification and Gradual Return to Activity
For individuals with pes cavus who participate in high-impact sports or activities, modifying activity levels may be necessary to prevent further strain on the arch. Temporary adjustments, such as switching to low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling, can help patients maintain fitness while allowing the foot to adapt.
Once symptoms improve, our physiotherapists at Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage guide patients through a gradual return-to-activity plan, helping them reintroduce higher-impact exercises safely and effectively.
Patient Education and Self-Care
Educating patients about pes cavus and equipping them with self-care strategies is essential for long-term management. At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon, we provide patients with guidance on selecting proper footwear, performing daily stretching exercises, and recognizing early signs of discomfort. By empowering patients with knowledge, we support them in taking a proactive approach to managing pes cavus and preventing future issues.
Conclusion
Pes cavus, or high arch, can lead to discomfort and a range of functional limitations, but with the right treatment approach, most individuals can achieve relief and improved function. At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon, our comprehensive treatment plan includes manual therapy, exercise rehabilitation, and personalized care to address the unique challenges associated with high arches. By strengthening the foot and lower leg muscles, improving flexibility, and optimizing foot mechanics, we help patients manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of pes cavus, contact Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon. Our experienced team of physiotherapists is here to provide evidence-based treatment tailored to your needs, helping you achieve long-lasting comfort and stability.
References
- Smith, R., et al. (2021). “Manual Therapy for High Arch Foot Types: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.
- Johnson, C. L., et al. (2019). “Footwear and Orthotic Solutions for Pes Cavus.” British Journal of Sports Medicine.
- Peterson, B., & Evans, R. (2020). “The Role of Strengthening Exercises in High Arch Management.” Physiotherapy Research International.
- Lee, T., et al. (2018). “Proprioceptive Training for Pes Cavus: Evidence and Application.” Journal of Athletic Training.
- Williams, A. R., et al. (2017). “Orthotic and Functional Interventions for Pes Cavus.” International Journal of Sports Medicine.
At Adaptive Physiotherapy & Massage in Booragoon, we are committed to providing the highest standard of care for pes cavus and other foot conditions, helping our patients enjoy a more active, pain-free life.
